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Program Note

Dark Energy

for viola quartet

by Reginald Bain


In 1929 astronomer Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) discovered that the universe was expanding. Using the Hubble Space Telescope in 1998, astronomers discovered that the rate of expansion was accelerating. Up to that point, many scientists had assumed that gravity would eventually slow the rate of the expansion of the universe. Although scientists cannot currently explain exactly why the rate of expansion is accelerating, they nevertheless have named the energy associated with it dark energy. Dark Energy (2011) was commissioned by Violas Four and received its premiere on June 2, 2011 at the Piccolo Spoletto Festival, St. Mark’s Episcopal Church, Charleston, SC.

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature fluctuations
Credit: NASA / WMAP Science Team, 2010

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Updated: January 23, 2016